The rising disparities, to the detriment of less qualified workers, is certainly one of the most worrisome trends to which the developed countries have to face. Nevertheless, this deteriorating didn't have the same effects in all the countries. Indeed, in the Anglo-Saxon countries, the incomes disparities became more significant whereas in the countries of beveridge tradition, we talk about unemployment rate inequalities. The object of this article is, on the one hand, to propose a reflection on the causes and the explanations of this evolution unfavourable to the less qualified categories. On the other hand, using a comparison between France and Canada, we study the interaction between the labour market public policies and the disparities nature in each of both countries. In this perspective, we compare the effects of three public regulations, namely unemployment benefits, minimum wage and negative income tax, on the labour market performances and more particularly on employment and earnings.

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