We show that the growth of the service sector facilitates outsourcing, or fragmentation of production. Services link production blocks, and allows the breaking up of integrated production. The cost of aggregate service decreases as the number of specialized services increases. A country with a greater number of specialized services tends to export components that are service-intensive. When international trade in specialized services are permitted, the country with an advanced service sector will outsource most of the manufacturing activities. Thus free trade in specialized services tends to increase fragmentation. On the other hand, if there are high transport costs with a bias against complex specialized services, then free trade in specialized services may work against fragmentation.