This report analyzes the economic trade-offs between harvesting hardwoods and maple syrup production in Quebec's public forests. It finds that while the hardwood sector is larger overall, maple syrup production generates more economic benefits per hectare. The report also points out the non-substitutable nature of maple syrup production and the high concentration of economic activity in syrup production, relative to hardwoods harvesting. The report indicates that prioritizing maple syrup production on suitable public lands would lead to a more economically optimal allocation of resources. It also highlights the potential for conservation efforts and integration of maple syrup production with protected areas, aligning with Quebec's biodiversity goals.